Nod2-Dependent Th2 Polarization of Antigen-Specific Immunity

Nod2-dependent Th2 polarization of antigen-specific immunity.

While a number of microbial-associated molecular patterns have been known for decades to act as adjuvants, the mechanisms and the signaling pathways underlying their action have remained elusive. Here, we examined the unfolding of the adaptive immune response induced by Nod2 in vivo upon activation by its specific ligand, muramyl dipeptide, a component of peptidoglycan. Our findings demonstrate...

Rapid polarization of Th2 cells during induction of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in vitro.

BACKGROUND Type 2 T-helper cells (Th2) are involved in the regulation of the humoral immune response against antigens and allergens and directly affect which isotype will be produced. The mechanism that regulates antigen-specific IgE secretion and immune deviation is still not known. OBJECTIVES To delineate mechanisms behind antigen-specific IgE secretion we have used in vitro immunization an...

Cellular networks controlling Th2 polarization in allergy and immunity

In contrast to the development of Th1 (type 1 T helper cells), Th17 and Treg (regulatory T cells), little is known of the mechanisms governing Th2 development, which is important for immunity to helminths and for us to understand the pathogenesis of allergy. A picture is emerging in which mucosal epithelial cells instruct dendritic cells to promote Th2 responses in the absence of IL-12 (interle...

Antigen-Specific Th1 But Not Th2 Cells

Following Norepinephrine Depletion In Vivo Cell-Dependent IgM and IgG1 Production Suppression of Antigen-Specific Th2